He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 5G a me 4G?

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o 5G a me 4G?

Hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o kēia lā me kahi ʻano.

He kumu maʻalahi akā kupua.He mea maʻalahi ia no ka mea he ʻekolu wale nō hua.A he mea kupanaha ia no ka mea he kumu ia i loko o ka mea pohihihi o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio.

ʻO ke kumu:

E ʻae mai iaʻu e wehewehe i ke kumu, ʻo ia ke kumu physics kumu, ka māmā holo o ka māmā = ka nalu * alapine.

E pili ana i ke kumu, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo: inā ʻo 1G, 2G, 3G, a i ʻole 4G, 5G, nā mea āpau ma kāna iho.

Uea?Ukuea?

ʻElua wale nō ʻano o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio - ka leka uila a me ke kamaʻilio uea.

Inā wau e kāhea iā ʻoe, aia ka ʻikepili ʻike i ka lewa (ʻike ʻole a ʻike ʻole) a i ʻole ka mea kino (ʻike a ʻike ʻia).

Inā hoʻoili ʻia ma nā mea kino, ʻo ia ke kamaʻilio uea.Hoʻohana ʻia ka uea keleawe, fiber optical., etc., nā mea i kapa ʻia he media uea.

Ke hoʻouna ʻia ka ʻikepili ma luna o ka media uea, hiki i ka helu ke piʻi i nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa.

Eia kekahi laʻana, i loko o ka hale hana, ua hiki i ka 26Tbps ka wikiwiki o ka fiber hoʻokahi;he iwakāluakūmāono kaukani manawa o ke kaula kuʻuna.

ʻOka Fiber

ʻO ke kamaʻilio ea ka bottleneck o ke kamaʻilio kelepona.

ʻO 4G LTE ka maʻamau o kēia manawa, he 150Mbps wale nō (me ka ʻole o ka hui pū ʻana).He mea ʻole kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kelepona.

No laila,inā e hoʻokō ʻo 5G i kahi hopena kiʻekiʻe-i ka hopena, ʻo ka mea koʻikoʻi e uhaki i ka bottleneck uea.

E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ke kamaʻilio uila ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe electromagnetic no ke kamaʻilio.ʻO nā nalu uila a me nā nalu māmā he mau hawewe electromagnetic.

Hoʻoholo kona alapine i ka hana o kahi hawewe electromagnetic.He ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā ​​hawewe electromagnetic o nā alapine like ʻole a no laila he mau hoʻohana ʻē aʻe.

No ka laʻana, he nui ka make o nā kukuna gamma kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpū.

Hoʻohana nui mākou i nā nalu uila no ke kamaʻilio.ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ka piʻi ʻana o nā kamaʻilio optical, e like me LIFI.

LiFi (māmā māmā), kamaʻilio māmā ʻike.

E hoʻi mua kākou i nā nalu lekiō.

He ʻano hawewe electromagnetic ka uila.Ua kaupalena ʻia kāna kumu alapine.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale mākou i ke alapine i nā ʻāpana like ʻole a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā mea like ʻole a me nā hoʻohana e pale aku i ka hoʻopilikia a me ka hakakā.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe lekiō o nā alapine like ʻole

Hoʻohana nui mākouMF-SHFno ke kamaʻilio kelepona paʻa lima.

No ka laʻana, pili pinepine ʻo "GSM900" a me "CDMA800" i ka GSM e hana ana ma 900MHz a me CDMA e holo ana ma 800MHz.

I kēia manawa, no ka UHF a me SHF ka mana nui o ka ʻenehana 4G LTE.

Hoʻohana nui ʻo Kina i ka SHF

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, ke piʻi aʻe nei ke alapine lekiō i hoʻohana ʻia.

No ke aha mai?

ʻO ka mea nui kēia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu alapine i loaʻa.ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kumu alapine i loaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻouna ʻana i hiki ke hoʻokō.

ʻO ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wikiwiki wikiwiki.

No laila, he aha ka 5G e hoʻohana ai i nā alapine kikoʻī?

E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei:

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka laina alapine o 5G i ʻelua ʻano: ʻo kekahi ma lalo o 6GHz, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa mai kā mākou 2G, 3G, 4G, a ʻo kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe, ma luna o 24GHz.

I kēia manawa, ʻo 28GHz ka pūʻulu hoʻāʻo honua alakaʻi (hiki paha i ka band frequency ke lilo i ka hui alapine pāʻoihana mua no 5G)

Inā helu ʻia e 28GHz, e like me ke ʻano a mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma luna nei:

ʻAe, ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana mua o 5G

Millimeter-nalu

E ʻae mai iaʻu e hōʻike hou i ka papa pinepine:

E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻolohe i ka laina lalo.He aka nalu millimeter!

ʻAe, no ka maikaʻi o nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, no ke aha mākou i hoʻohana ʻole ai i ka alapine kiʻekiʻe ma mua?

He mea maʻalahi ke kumu:

-ʻaʻole ia he makemake ʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana.ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o nā hawewe electromagnetic: ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ʻoi aku ka kokoke i ka hoʻolaha laina (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale).ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke alapine, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka attenuation ma ke kikowaena.

E nānā i kāu peni laser (ma kahi o 635nm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu).Pololei ka malamalama i hoopukaia.Inā ālai ʻoe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō.

A laila e nānā i nā kamaʻilio ukali a me ka hoʻokele GPS (ma kahi o 1cm ka lōʻihi o ka nalu).Inā he keakea, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona.

Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka ipuhao nui o ka satellite e kuhikuhi i ka satelite ma ke ala pololei, a i ʻole kahi misalignment liʻiliʻi e hoʻopilikia i ka maikaʻi o ka hōʻailona.

Inā hoʻohana ke kamaʻilio kelepona i ka pūʻulu alapine kiʻekiʻe, ʻo kāna pilikia nui loa ʻo ka hoʻopōkole nui ʻana i ka mamao o ka hoʻouna ʻana, a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka hiki ke uhi.

No ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻāpana like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kahua kahua 5G i koi ʻia ma mua o 4G.

He aha ka manaʻo o ka helu o nā kahua kahua?ʻO ke kālā, ke kālā, a me ke kumukūʻai.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa o ka alapine, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pūnaewele, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻokūkū.ʻO ia ke kumu i hakakā ai nā mea lawe a pau no nā puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa.

Ua kapa ʻia kekahi mau pūʻulu - ʻo nā kāʻei pinepine gula.

No laila, ma muli o nā kumu i luna, ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻemi i ke kumu kūʻai o ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnaewele, pono e ʻimi ʻo 5G i kahi ala hou.

A he aha nā ala i waho?

ʻO ka mua, aia ka micro base station.

kahua kahua micro

ʻElua ʻano kumu kumu, nā kahua kahua micro a me nā kahua kahua macro.E nānā i ka inoa, a liʻiliʻi ka micro base station;nui loa ka waihona kumu macro.

kahua kumu macro:

E uhi i kahi nui.

kahua kahua micro:

Liʻiliʻi loa.

Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kahua kahua micro micro i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā kūlanakauhale a me loko.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka 5G, nui nā mea hou aʻe, a e kau ʻia lākou ma nā wahi āpau, kokoke i nā wahi āpau.

E nīnau paha ʻoe, e loaʻa paha kekahi hopena i ke kino o ke kanaka inā he nui nā kahua kahua a puni?

ʻO kaʻu pane -ʻaʻole.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kahua kahua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka radiation.

E noʻonoʻo ʻoe, i ka hoʻoilo, i loko o kahi hale me kahi pūʻulu o nā kānaka, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi mea hoʻomehana mana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kekahi mau mea hoʻomehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa?

ʻO ke kahua kumu liʻiliʻi, ka mana haʻahaʻa a kūpono i nā mea āpau.

Inā he kahua kahua nui wale nō, he mea nui ka radiation a mamao loa, ʻaʻohe hōʻailona.

Aia ma hea ka antenna?

Ua ʻike paha ʻoe he antenna lōʻihi nā kelepona paʻa i ka wā ma mua, a he mau antenna liʻiliʻi nā kelepona paʻa mua?No ke aha i loaʻa ʻole ai nā antenna i kēia manawa?

ʻAe, ʻaʻole ia he pono ʻole mākou i nā antenna;ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o kā mākou mau antenna.

E like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka antenna, pono e kūlike ka lōʻihi o ka antenna me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ma waena o 1/10 ~ 1/4.

Ke hoʻololi nei ka manawa, ke piʻi aʻe nei ka alapine kamaʻilio o kā mākou kelepona paʻa, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole a me ka pōkole o ka nalu, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka antenna.

ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ka hawewe millimeter, lilo pū ka antenna i ka pae millimeter

ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka antenna hiki ke hoʻokomo piha ʻia i loko o ke kelepona paʻa a me kekahi mau antennas.

ʻO kēia ke kolu o ke kī o 5G

MIMO nui (ʻenehana multi-antenna)

ʻO MIMO, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui-hoʻokomo, ka nui-puka.

I ka wā LTE, ua loaʻa iā mākou ka MIMO, akā ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā antenna, a hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka mana mua o MIMO.

I ka wā 5G, lilo ka ʻenehana MIMO i mana hoʻonui o Massive MIMO.

Hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia ke kelepona me nā antenna he nui, ʻaʻole e haʻi i nā hale kiaʻi kelepona.

Ma ke kahua kumu mua, he mau antenna wale nō.

I ka wā 5G, ʻaʻole i ana ʻia ka helu o nā antenna e nā ʻāpana akā e ka "Array" antenna array.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e pili pono nā antenna.

Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā antennas, pono ka nui-antenna array e mālama ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā antenna ma luna o ka hapalua o ka nalu.Inā kokoke loa lākou, e hoʻopilikia kekahi i kekahi a pili i ka lawe ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona.

Ke hoʻouna ka base station i kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​ua like ia me ke kukui kukui.

Hoʻopukaʻia ka hōʻailona i ka puni.No ka mālamalama, ʻoiaʻiʻo, e hoʻomālamalama i ka lumi holoʻokoʻa.Inā e hōʻike wale i kahi ʻāpana a mea paha, pau ka hapa nui o ka mālamalama.

Ua like ke kahua kahua;nui ka ikehu a me ka waiwai i pau.

No laila, inā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi lima ʻike ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ke kukui i hoʻopuehu ʻia?

ʻAʻole wale kēia e mālama i ka ikehu akā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lawa o ka mālamalama o ka wahi e hoʻomālamalama ʻia.

ʻAe ka pane.

ʻo kēiaHoʻohalahala

ʻO ka beamforming a i ʻole kānana spatial kahi ʻenehana hana hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻāpana sensor no ka hoʻouna ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokipa ʻana.Hoʻokō ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea i loko o kahi ʻano antenna i mea e ʻike ai nā hōʻailona ma nā kihi kikoʻī i ka hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻana aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ka hoʻopilikia ʻino.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka beamforming ma ka hoʻouna ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena e hoʻokō i ka koho spatial.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia kēia ʻenehana multiplexing spatial mai ka uhi hōʻailona omnidirectional i nā lawelawe kuhikuhi pololei, ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia i waena o nā kaola i ka manawa like e hāʻawi i nā loulou kamaʻilio hou aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hiki ke lawelawe kahua kahua.

Ma ka pūnaewele paʻa lima o kēia manawa, ʻoiai inā kāhea nā kānaka ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi he alo a he alo, ua hoʻouna ʻia nā hōʻailona ma o nā kahua kahua, me nā hōʻailona hoʻomalu a me nā pūkeʻikepili.

Akā i ka wā 5G, ʻaʻole pono kēia kūlana.

ʻO ka lima o ka hiʻohiʻona nui o 5G -D2Dhe mea ia mea.

I ka wā 5G, inā kamaʻilio nā mea hoʻohana ʻelua ma lalo o ke kahua kahua hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole e hoʻouna hou ʻia kā lākou ʻikepili ma o ka base station akā pololei i ke kelepona paʻa.

Ma kēiaʻano, mālama ia i ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai ea a hoʻemi i ke kaomi ma ke kahua kahua.

Akā, inā manaʻo ʻoe ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e uku ma kēia ʻano, a laila ua hewa ʻoe.

Pono pū ka memo mana mai ke kahua kumu;hoʻohana ʻoe i nā kumuwaiwai spectrum.Pehea e hoʻokuʻu ai nā mea hana iā ʻoe?

ʻAʻole pohihihi ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio;ʻoiai ʻo ka lei aliʻi o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio, ʻaʻole ʻo 5 G kahi ʻenehana hoʻololi hou ʻole hiki ke loaʻa;ʻoi aku ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio e kū nei.

E like me ka ʻōlelo a kekahi loea—

ʻAʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā palena o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio i nā palena ʻenehana akā ʻo nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka makemakika koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke haki koke.

A pehea e ʻimi hou ai i ka hiki ke kamaʻilio i loko o ke ʻano o nā loina ʻepekema ʻo ia ka ʻimi luhi ʻole o nā poʻe he nui i ka ʻoihana kamaʻilio.