Pehea e wehewehe a helu ai i ka dB, dBm, dBw… he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou?
ʻO ka dB ka manaʻo kumu nui loa i ke kamaʻilio kelepona.'Ōlelo pinepine mākou "he xx dB ka hoʻouna ʻana," "he xx dBm ka mana hoʻouna," "he xx dBi ka loaʻa antenna" ...
I kekahi manawa, huikau paha kēia dB X a hiki i nā hewa helu helu.No laila, he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou?
Pono e hoʻomaka me ka dB.
I ka hiki ʻana i ka dB, ʻo ka manaʻo maʻamau ʻo 3dB!
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo 3dB ma ke kiʻi mana a i ʻole BER (Bit Error Rate).Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea pohihihi.
ʻO kahi hāʻule o 3dB ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻemi ʻia ka mana e ka hapalua, a ʻo ka helu 3dB ʻo ia ka hapalua o ka mana.
+3dB 'o ia ho'i ka papalua o ka mana, -3Db 'o ia ho'i ka emi 'ana he ½.Pehea mai keia?
He mea maʻalahi loa ia.E nānā kākou i ke ʻano helu helu o dB:
Hōʻike ka dB i ka pilina ma waena o ka mana P1 a me ka mana kuhikuhi P0.Inā ʻelua P0 ka P1, a laila:
inā he hapalua ka P1 o ka P0, a laila,
e pili ana i nā manaʻo kumu a me ka waiwai hana o logarithms, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka makemakika o logarithms.
[Nīnau]: Hoʻonui ʻia ka mana e 10 manawa.Ehia dB i laila?
E ʻoluʻolu e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi ʻano kumu ma aneʻi.
+3 *2
+10*10
-3 / 2
-10 / 10
ʻO +3dB ka manaʻo e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana e 2 mau manawa;
ʻO + 10dB ka manaʻo e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana e 10 mau manawa.
-3 dB 'o ia ho'i, ua emi ka mana i 1/2;
-10dB 'o ia ho'i ua ho'emi 'ia ka mana i 1/10.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka dB kahi waiwai pili, a ʻo kāna misionari ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi helu nui a liʻiliʻi paha ma kahi ʻano pōkole.
Hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi kēia ʻano hana i kā mākou helu a me ka wehewehe.ʻOi loa i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi palapala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiha iā ia me kou lolo ponoʻī.
Inā maopopo iā ʻoe i ka dB, i kēia manawa, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā helu ʻohana dB:
E hoʻomaka kākou me ka dBm a me dBw maʻamau.
ʻO ka dBm a me ka dBw e hoʻololi i ka mana kuhikuhi P0 ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike dB me 1 mW, 1W.
ʻO 1mw a me 1w nā waiwai paʻa, no laila hiki i ka dBm a me ka dBw ke hōʻike i ka waiwai piha o ka mana.
Eia ka papa hoʻololi mana no kāu kuhikuhi.
Watt | dBm | dBw |
0.1 pW | -100 dBm | -130 dBw |
1 pW | -90 dBm | -120 dBw |
10 pW | -80 dBm | -110 dBw |
100 pW | -70 dBm | -100 dBw |
1n W | -60 dBm | -90 dBw |
10 nW | -50 dBm | -80 dBw |
100 nW | -40 dBm | -70 dBw |
1 uW | -30 dBm | -60 dBw |
10 uW | -20 dBm | -50 dBw |
100 uW | -10 dBm | -40 dBw |
794 uW | -1 dBm | -31 dBw |
1.000 mW | 0 dBm | -30 dBw |
1.259 Mw | 1 dBm | -29 dBw |
10 mW | 10 dBm | -20 dBw |
100 Mw | 20 dBm | -10 dBw |
1 W | 30 dBm | 0 dBw |
10 W | 40 dBm | 10 dBw |
100 W | 50 dBm | 20 dBw |
1 kW | 60 dBm | 30 dBw |
10 kW | 70 dBm | 40 dBw |
100 kW | 80 dBm | 50 dBw |
1 MW | 90 dBm | 60 dBw |
10 MW | 100 dBm | 70 dBw |
Pono kākou e hoʻomanaʻo:
1w = 30dBm
ʻO 30 ka pae hoʻohālikelike, ua like ia me 1w.
E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia, a hoʻohui i ka "+3 *2, +10*10, -3/2, -10/10" mua hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā helu he nui:
[Nīnau] 44dBm = ?w
Maanei, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo i kēia:
Koe wale no 30dBm ma ka aoao akau o ka hoohalike, pono e hoikeia ke koena o na mea i maheleia ma ka dB.
[Laʻana] Inā he 46dBm ka mana puka o A a ʻo ka mana puka o B he 40dBm, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he 6dB ka nui ma mua o B.
[Laʻana] Inā he 12 dBd ka antenna A, he 14dBd ka antenna B, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he 2dB ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o B.
No ka laʻana, ʻo 46dB ʻo ia ka P1 he 40 tausani manawa P0, a ʻo 46dBm ke ʻano o ka waiwai o P1 he 40w.Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻokoʻa M, akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano.
Loaʻa i ka ʻohana dB maʻamau ka dBi, dBd, a me dBc.Ua like kā lākou helu helu me ke ʻano helu helu dB, a hōʻike lākou i ka waiwai pili o ka mana.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa kā lākou mau kuhikuhi.ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ka mana kuhikuhi P0 ma ka denominator.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka hōʻike ʻana i ka loaʻa like, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka dBi, ʻo 2.15 ka nui ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻia ma dBd.Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa e nā kuhikuhi like ʻole o nā antenna ʻelua.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻohana dB ke hōʻike wale i ka loaʻa a me ka nalowale o ka mana akā ua hōʻike pū kekahi i ka volta, ka manawa, a me ka leo, etc.,
Pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia no ka loaʻaʻana o ka mana, hoʻohana mākou i ka 10lg (Po / Pi), a no ka voltage a me kēia manawa, hoʻohana mākou i 20lg (Vo / Vi) a me 20lg (Lo / Li)
Pehea i loaʻa ai kēia 2 mau manawa hou mai?
Loaʻa kēia mau manawa 2 mai ka huinahā o ke ʻano hoʻololi mana uila.ʻO ka n-ka mana i loko o ka logarithm pili i n manawa ma hope o ka helu ʻana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kāu papa physics kula kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka pilina hoʻololi ma waena o ka mana, ka uila, a me ka manawa.
I ka hope, ua hoʻokō au i kekahi mau lālā o ka ʻohana dB nui no kāu kuhikuhi.
Waiwai pili:
hōʻailona | Inoa piha |
dB | decibel |
dBc | mea lawe decibel |
dBd | decibel dipole |
dBi | decibel-isotropic |
nā dBF | decibel piha piha |
dBrn | leo kuhi decibel |
Waiwai piha:
hōʻailona | Inoa piha | Kūlana Kūlana |
dBm | decibel milliwatt | 1mW |
dBW | decibel watt | 1W |
dBμV | microvolt decibel | 1μVRMS |
dBmV | decibel millivolt | 1mVRMS |
dBV | decibel volt | 1VRMS |
dBu | decibel unloaded | 0.775VRMS |
dBμA | microampere decibel | 1μA |
dBmA | decibel milliampere | 1mA |
dBohm | decibel ohms | 1Ω |
dBHz | decibel hertz | 1Hz |
dBSPL | decibel pae kaomi kani | 20μPa |
A, e nānā kāua inā maopopo ʻoe a ʻaʻole paha.
[Nīnau] 1. ʻO ka mana o 30dBm
[Nīnau] 2. Ke manaʻo nei he 46dBm ka huina hoʻopuka o ke kelepona, ke loaʻa nā antenna 2, ʻo ka mana o kahi antenna hoʻokahi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-17-2021